A Review On Biomedical Application Of Chitin And Chi-tosan
Keywords:
Chitin, Chitosan, Biomedical, Water treatment, Wound healingAbstract
Chitin is the second most available polysaccharide after cellulose. It is a fairly ubiquitous compound produced by many organisms: fungi and algae cell walls, insects, exoskeletons, endoskeleton of mollusks and crustacean shells. Annually, it has been estimated that on 1010 to 1011 tons are produced by living organisms. However, commercially chitin is mainly recovered from marine sources, i.e., the crustaceans processing industries. More than 10,000 tons of chitin extracted from shellfish waste, which could provide sufficient raw material for develoopment of value-added processes and products. Chitosan, composing of randomly distributed ?-(1?4) linked D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, is obtained by alkaline deacetylation of chitin. Due to its nontoxicity, good biocompatibility, and susceptibility to chemical modification, chitosan has gained significant interest for applications in biotechnology, wastewater, cosmetics, agriculture, food technology, textiles, medical and pharmaceutical research. The present review provides insight into the different biomedical application of chitin and chitosan.
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